A solar plant structure is the supporting framework that holds and positions solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to capture maximum sunlight for electricity generation. It plays a vital role in ensuring the stability, efficiency, and longevity of a solar power plant.

The structure is designed based on the type of installation, mainly classified as rooftop-mounted and ground-mounted systems.

1. Rooftop Solar Structure

In rooftop systems, panels are installed on existing building roofs such as RCC terraces or tin sheds.

• For tin sheds, lightweight aluminum or galvanized iron (GI) structures are used to avoid overloading.

• Mounting is done using clamps or self-drilling screws fixed on purlins without damaging the roof.

• The structure is tilted (10°–25°) toward the south in India for maximum sunlight exposure.

• It is corrosion-resistant and designed to withstand wind speeds up to 150–180 km/h.

• Advantages: Uses existing roof space, cost-effective, and easy to maintain.

• Limitation: Limited expansion and dependent on roof strength.

2. Ground-Mounted Solar Structure

In ground-mounted systems, panels are installed on open land using steel structures fixed to RCC or pile foundations.

• The structures are made of hot-dip galvanized steel with high coating thickness for long life.

• Panels are fixed at an angle (20°–30°) with proper spacing to avoid shading.

• They can be fixed tilt or tracking type, where tracking systems follow the sun’s path to increase generation.

• Advantages: Easy maintenance, better cooling of panels, and scalable for large projects.

• Limitation: Requires land and higher installation cost.

3. Key Features of Solar Structures

• Materials: Hot-dip galvanized steel, aluminum, stainless steel fasteners.

• Design Standards: IS 800, IS 875 (wind load), IEC 62548, etc.

• Durability: Designed for 20–25 years of operation.

• Safety: Includes earthing, lightning protection, and proper drainage.

4. Importance

A well-designed solar structure ensures mechanical stability, maximum energy generation, and long-term reliability. It protects panels from wind, rain, and corrosion while maintaining correct tilt and orientation.

In summary, the solar plant structure is the backbone of a solar installation. Whether rooftop or ground-mounted, it must be strong, corrosion-resistant, and precisely aligned to ensure efficient solar energy generation and system safety for decades.